Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural promoted by metal halides

Efficient and selective conversion of sucrose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural promoted by ammonium halides under mild conditions.

The highly efficient and selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from sucrose has been achieved in the presence of metal chlorides and ammonium halides under mild conditions. Notably, an 87% yield of HMF from sucrose was obtained with a catalyst system composed of CrCl(3) and NH(4)Br at 100°C for 1.0 h in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent. The effect of the reaction temperature...

Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids.

Direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by germanium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids has been investigated in search of an efficient and environmentally friendly process. Monosaccharides D-fructose and D-glucose, disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and even the polysaccharide cellulose were successfully converted into HMF with good yields under mild conditio...

Microwave-assisted Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Catalyzed by ZnCl2

A convenient system for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) through dehydration of carbohydrates by microwave heating in the presence of ZnCl2 was studied. The use of ZnCl2 gave higher selectivity than other metal salts in the conversion of glucose. With ZnCl2 as catalyst, sucrose could be utilized effectively. Under the conditions of microwave irradiation (300 W, 8 min), HMF yields were 54...

Conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by ZnCl2 in water.

The incompletely coordinated zinc ions in the concentrated aqueous ZnCl(2) solution catalyze the direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and a moderate HMF yield up to 50% can be achieved.

Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Using ZrCl4 Catalyst in Nitromethane